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Design and Evaluation of a Low-Cost Dry Electrode for Physiological Signal Acquisition

Authors :

Sobhan Sheykhivand¹ Nastaran Khaleghi² Maryam Khoshkhabar³

1- Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Interdisciplinary sciences and technologies Bonab, Iran s.sheykhivand@gmail.com 2- Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Electrical and Computer Tabriz, Iran khaleghi@gmail.com 3- Department of Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Electrical and Computer Tabriz, Iran

Keywords :

Dry electrode،physiological signals،EEG acquisition،biomedical instrumentation،low-cost design

Abstract :

Electrodes, as conductive interfaces, are commonly available in wet and dry types. While wet electrodes are widely used in physiological signal acquisition, their reliance on conductive gels makes them unsuitable for long-term applications. In contrast, dry electrodes offer a promising alternative for extended monitoring; however, commercially available options are often expensive and less accessible. In this study, we designed and fabricated a cost-effective dry electrode using a sintering-based manufacturing method and selected conductive materials. The proposed electrode was evaluated in various physiological signal acquisition tasks and compared to a standard wet electrode from the OpenBCI brand. Experimental results demonstrate that the fabricated electrode provides an economically viable solution without compromising signal quality, making it suitable for prolonged physiological monitoring.