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Application of Nanomaterials in Biomaterials for the Regeneration of Bone and Cartilage Tissues

Authors :

Behnaz Alijani¹ Niloufar Kazami²

1- دانشگاه آزاد نجف آباد 2- Polytechnic University of Madrid

Keywords :

nanomaterials،bone tissue regeneration،cartilage tissue regeneration،nanocomposites،hydroxyapatite،poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)،type I collagen،iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄)

Abstract :

This study investigates the application of nanomaterials in biomaterials for the regeneration of bone and cartilage tissues. The aim of this research was to design and evaluate nanocomposite scaffolds composed of hydroxyapatite (nHA), poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), type I collagen, and iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) for use in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Electrospinning was employed for scaffold fabrication. Experimental results demonstrated that nHA/PLGA nanocomposite scaffolds exhibited excellent mechanical properties, including high compressive strength (20±1.5 MPa), along with superior biological performance such as high biocompatibility and osteoblast viability of 90±5%. Furthermore, collagen/polymer-based scaffolds, due to their outstanding biological characteristics—especially in cartilage tissue repair—promoted significant chondrocyte growth and differentiation into adipocyte-like cells. Additionally, iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄) imparted magnetic properties to the scaffolds, enabling their use in specialized applications such as targeted drug delivery, scaffold degradation monitoring, and magnetic field-mediated tissue stimulation. Histopathological and microscopic analyses confirmed the successful regeneration of bone and cartilage tissues in animal models. This study highlights that nanomaterials can effectively enhance the performance of biomaterials for tissue engineering applications.