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Effects of Athletic Status on Plantar Pressure Distribution and Biomechanical Foot Health in Children and Adolescents

Authors :

Amin Partovi fard¹ Mahmoodreza Azghani² Sadra Jalalli³ Elham Hazrati⁴ Samin Asghari⁵

1- دانشکده مهندسی پزشکی، دانشگاه صنعتی سهند، تبریز، ایران 2- دانشکده مهندسی پزشکی، دانشگاه صنعتی سهند، تبریز، ایران 3- دانشکده مهندسی پزشکی، دانشگاه صنعتی سهند، تبریز، ایران 4- دانشکده مهندسی پزشکی، دانشگاه صنعتی سهند، تبریز، ایران 5- دانشکده مهندسی پزشکی، دانشگاه صنعتی سهند، تبریز، ایران

Keywords :

Athletic Status،Gender،Adolescents،Age،Plantar Pressure

Abstract :

The plantar surface is key for force transmission, shock absorption, and balance. Musculoskeletal development in adolescents can change plantar pressure and injury risk. Few studies compare plantar pressure between physically active and inactive adolescents. This study aims to compare static plantar pressure distribution across eight foot regions in inactive adolescents versus those engaged in static or dynamic sports, stratified by age groups. 494 subjects (256 males, 238 females), aged 4–19, were divided by age (4–9, 10–14, 15–19) and activity level: inactive, static sports (e.g., shooting, archery), and dynamic sports (e.g., soccer, basketball). Static sports focus on stability and minimal lower-limb movement; dynamic sports involve continuous movement and direction changes. Plantar pressure during quiet standing was recorded with the PT-scan® system. Foot type was classified by Arch Index. Pressure was measured in eight areas: left/right forefoot (LF, RF), midfoot (LM, RM), backfoot (LB, RB), and toes (LT, RT). Normality was confirmed before one-way MANOVA. No significant differences, except higher right backfoot pressure in 10–14-year-old girls in static sports (p = 0.021). Other differences were minor and not significant. Physical activity has minimal effect on plantar pressure during static standing in teens. Limitations include the cross-sectional design and static testing. Future studies should include dynamic assessments and longitudinal follow-up to better understand foot development, activity effects, and injury prevention.