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Comparative Numerical Analysis of Spiral Geometries for Passive Particle Separation in Microfluidic Devices

Authors :

Yunes Chakeralhoseini¹ Mohammad Mahdi Tekiyeh² Mahdi Moghimi Zand³

1- دانشگاه تهران 2- دانشگاه تهران 3- دانشگاه تهران

Keywords :

Microfluidics،Lab-on-a-Chip،Particle Separation،Spiral Microchannel،Inertial Focusing Flow

Abstract :

Micro- and nanoparticles play a critical role in chemical, biological, and industrial processes, where consistent particle size and distribution are essential for reliable performance. Microfluidic devices, or lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems, have been developed to facilitate particle separation and purification. Among these, passive separation devices are often preferred because they rely solely on fluid flow and channel geometry rather than external forces. Spiral microchannels are widely used in such systems, as their curved design induces secondary Dean flows that enhance particle migration and separation. This study numerically investigates the influence of spiral layout and repetition count on particle separation using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Two spiral layouts, circular and square, were analyzed with 2, 4, and 6 repetitions, while maintaining a constant channel cross-section. The simulations focused on the interaction between inertial lift and Dean drag forces to evaluate flow behaviour and particle trajectories. The findings indicate that the square spiral layout provides more precise and reliable separation of particles with different sizes compared to the circular layout.