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Biomechanical Analysis of Blindfold Training for Backward Running in Handball Athletes

Authors :

Aydin Najipour¹ Siamak Khorramymehr² Kamran Hassani³

1- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medical Science and Technologises, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad 2- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medical Science and Technologises, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 3- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medical Science and Technologises, Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Keywords :

Handball;،Backward running; .،Blindfold training;،Proprioception;،Joint coordination;،Biomechanics

Abstract :

Blindfold training has recently been introduced as a novel approach to enhance proprioceptive control and improve movement coordination in sports performance. In handball, backward running is a critical skill associated with defense, injury prevention, and overall game dynamics. However, the biomechanical mechanisms underlying backward running, particularly under altered sensory conditions, remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of blindfold training on joint coordination and stability during backward running in handball players. A total of 24 athletes were recruited and randomly assigned to blindfold training and control groups. Kinematic data were collected using a motion capture system, and dynamic postural indices—including the mean absolute relative phase (MARP) and deviation phase (DP)—were computed to assess inter-joint coordination across ankle, knee, and pelvic segments. Statistical analyses were conducted to examine between-group differences and the effectiveness of the intervention. The results revealed significant improvements in coordination consistency and controllability in the blindfold training group compared with controls. MARP and DP indices demonstrated that sensory deprivation enhanced proprioceptive feedback, leading to better joint synchronization. These findings suggest that blindfold training may serve as an effective strategy for developing backward running skills in handball, with potential applications in injury prevention and performance optimization. Future research should investigate long-term effects, larger sample sizes, and integration of blindfold training into routine athletic practice.