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Gravity-Directed Growth of ZnO Nanorods: Morphological Control via Chemical Bath Deposition

Authors :

Masoud Ghashami¹ Melisa Daryayi² Mohammad Abdolahad³

1- دانشکده برق‌و‌کامپیوتر، دانشگاه تهران 2- دانشکده برق‌و‌کامپیوتر، دانشگاه تهران 3- دانشکده برق‌و‌کامپیوتر، دانشگاه تهران

Keywords :

Zinc Oxide Nanorods،Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD)،Gravity-directed Synthesis،Morphological control،Biosensor Platform،Cancer Cell Culture

Abstract :

The morphology of Zinc Oxide(ZnO) nanorods(NRs) strongly influences their performance in biosensing and cancer cell culture applications. Although chemical bath deposition (CBD) is a cost-effective method for ZnO synthesis, the influence of gravity on nanorod growth remains underexplored due to difficulties in controlling substrate orientation. In this study, we developed a custom-built holder that enables precise upward (against gravity) and downward (with gravity) growth orientations during CBD. Using this setup, we demonstrate that gravity significantly impacts NR morphology, downward growth produced nanorods with smaller, more uniform diameters, improved vertical alignment, and eliminated parasitic microrod clustering. The resulting nanostructured surfaces enhanced cancer cell culture interfaces, highlighting the importance of substrate topography for biological interactions. Our results introduce both a practical tool for orientation, controlled CBD and new insights into gravity, directed nanostructure growth.